Citations with the tag: HEMATOPOIETIC stem cells -- Transplantation
Results 1 - 50
- High Morbidity Burden Borne Years Later by Survivors of Transplant.
Helwick, Caroline // American Health & Drug Benefits; Feb Special Issue 2012, Vol. 5, p22The article discusses research on hematopoietic cell transplant which was reported at a 2012 press conference by Stephanie J. Lee of the University of Washington School of Medicine in Seattle, Washington. The research found that while the transplants may cure many hematologic malignancies...
- Regionally limited or rare infections: prevention after hematopoietic cell transplantation.
Gea-Banacloche, J; Masur, H; da Cunha, C Arns; Chiller, T; Kirchhoff, L V; Shaw, P; Tomblyn, M; Cordonnier, C // Bone Marrow Transplantation; Apr2010, Vol. 45 Issue 4, p806A correction to the article "Guidelines for preventing infectious complications among hematopoietic cell transplant recipients: a global perspective" that was published in 2009 issue is presented.
- Recipient seropositivity for adenovirus type 11 (AdV11) is a highly predictive factor for the development of AdV11-induced hemorrhagic cystitis after allogeneic hematopoietic SCT.
Nakazawa, Y; Saito, S; Yanagisawa, R; Suzuki, T; Ito, T; Ishida, F; Muramatsu, H; Matsumoto, K; Kato, K; Ishida, H; Umeda, K; Adachi, S; Nakahata, T; Koike, K // Bone Marrow Transplantation; May2013, Vol. 48 Issue 5, p737A letter to the editor is presented which discusses the seropositivity of recipients of allogeneic hematopoietic stem cells transplantation (HSCT) for adenovirus type 11 (AdV11).
- Genomic typing for patient-specific human leukocyte antigen-alleles is an efficient tool for relapse detection of high-risk hematopoietic malignancies after stem cell transplantation from alternative donors.
Mazzi, B.; Clerici, T. D.; Zanussi, M.; Lupo Stanghellini, M. T.; Vago, L.; Sironi, E.; Peccatori, J.; Bernardi, M.; Carrera, P.; Palini, A.; Rossini, S.; Bordignon, C.; Bonini, C.; Ferrari, M.; Ciceri, F.; Fleischhauer, K. // Leukemia (08876924); Nov2008, Vol. 22 Issue 11, p2119A letter to the editor is presented in response to the article "Full haplotype-mismatched hematopoietic stem-cell transplantation: A phase II study in patients with acute leukemia at high risk of relapse" that was published in a previous issue.
- Lupus: tinkering with haematopoietic stem cells.
Marmont, A. // Lupus; Nov2001, Vol. 10 Issue 11, p769Examines haematopoietic stem cell (HSC) transplantation which might be, or become, a powerful treatment for severe, relapsing/refractory cases of systemic lupus erythematosus. One of the most important findings in allogeneic HSC; Major improvements in the safety of allogeneic HSC...
- Hematopoietic stem cell transplantation in hematologic malignancies and solid tumors: Hacettepe University Institute of Oncology experience.
Oyan, Basak; Koc, Yener; Kars, Ayse; Turker, Alev; Akyuz, Canan; Guc, Dicle; Uner, Aysegul; Ruacan, Sevket; Yigitbas, Emre; Canpinar, Hande; Tekin, Fatma; Topcu, Pakize; Karakaya, Fikriye; Zorlu, Faruk; Ozyar, Enis; Kocal, Nursel; Rakunt, Gul; Cil, Barbaros; Cetinkaya, Yeslim // Turkish Journal of Cancer; Jan2003, Vol. 33 Issue 1, p27Autologous and allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) have emerged as a frequently used treatment modality in patients with hematologic malignancies and selected solid tumors. Hematopoietic Stem Cell Unit of Hacettepe University Institute of Oncology is recetly inaugurated and...
- Guidelines for Preventing Opportunistic Infections Among Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplant Recipients.
Oyan, Basak; Koc, Yener; Kars, Ayse; Turker, Alev; Akyuz, Canan; Guc, Dicle; Uner, Aysegul; Ruacan, Sevket; Yigitbas, Emre; Canpinar, Hande; Tekin, Fatma; Topcu, Pakize; Karakaya, Fikriye; Zorlu, Faruk; Ozyar, Enis; Kocal, Nursel; Rakunt, Gul; Cil, Barbaros; Cetinkaya, Yeslim // MMWR: Morbidity & Mortality Weekly Report; 10/20/2000 Supplement RR-10, Vol. 49 Issue 41, p1Presents guidelines for preventing opportunistic infections among hematopoietic stem cell transplant (HSCT) recipients. Classification of HSCT; Pathogens after HSCT; Recommendations.
- Transplantation of hematopoietic stem cells from alternate donors in acute myelogenous leukemia.
Anasetti, C // Leukemia (08876924); Mar2000, Vol. 14 Issue 3, p502The number of allogeneic transplants from unrelated donors has grown in the past decade in part because of the expansion of the donor registry size. Patient survival has improved due to the selection of more closely matched donors and the development of effective infection prophylaxis....
- Hematopoietic cell transplantation beyond first remission.
Appelbaum, F.R. // Leukemia (08876924); Feb2002, Vol. 16 Issue 2, p157Discusses the status of allogenic or autologous hematopoietic cell transplantation for patients with acute myeloid leukemia in first complete remission. Reasons for non-use of transplantation; Transplantation for primary induction failure; Transplantation as salvage therapy for patients with...
- Should busulfan-containing regimen be avoided for young female patients undergoing hematopoietic stem cell transplantation?
Okuda, S.; Sato, M.; Terasako, K.; Kako, S.; Oshima, K.; Kanda, Y. // Bone Marrow Transplantation; Feb2009, Vol. 43 Issue 3, p261A letter to the editor is presented regarding avoiding the use of busulfan-containing regimen for young female patients who require hematopoietic stem cell transplantation.
- New advances in stem cell therapy for kidney transplant patients.
Biela, Chris // Journal of Renal Nursing; 2011, Vol. 3 Issue 6, p303The article discusses recent advances in stem cell therapy for kidney transplant patients. A team of scientists from Stanford University School of Medicine found that a new regime involved giving each patient radiation (80-120cGy) to their spleen, thymus, and lymph nodes in order to weaken the...
- Engraftment of allogeneic mesenchymal stem cells in the bone marrow of a patient with severe idiopathic aplastic anemia improves stroma.
Fouillard, L; Bensidhoum, M; Bories, D; Bonte, H; Lopez, M; Moseley, A-M; Smith, A; Lesage, S; Beaujean, F; Thierry, D; Gourmelon, P; Najman, A; Gorin, N-C // Leukemia (08876924); Feb2003, Vol. 17 Issue 2, p474Leukemia (2003) 17, 474�476. doi:10.1038/sj.leu.2402786
- Hematopoietic stem cell transplantation for hematological malignancies in Europe.
Gratwohl, A; Baldomero, H; Passweg, J; Frassoni, F; Niederwieser, D; Schmitz, N; Urbano-Ispizua, A // Leukemia (08876924); May2003, Vol. 17 Issue 5, p941Hematopoietic stem cell transplants (HSCTs) are considered the best treatment option for many hematological malignancies, and transplant numbers have increased five-fold during the last decade. Only a few controlled prospective studies are available, and different opinions prevail. Data from 118...
- Bordetella pertussis respiratory infection following hematopoietic stem cell transplantation: time for universal vaccination?
Florax, A.; Ehlert, K.; Becker, K.; Vormoor, J.; Groll, A. H. // Bone Marrow Transplantation; Nov2006, Vol. 38 Issue 9, p639A letter to the editor is presented regarding a medical case of respiratory infection due to 'Bordetella Pertussis' following hematopoietic stem cell transplantation.
- Cryotherapy for the prevention of high-dose melphalan-induced oral mucositis.
Mori, T.; Aisa, Y.; Yamazaki, R.; Mihara, A.; Ikeda, Y.; Okamoto, S. // Bone Marrow Transplantation; Nov2006, Vol. 38 Issue 9, p637A letter to the editor is presented regarding a medical case where in, Cryotherapy is used to prevent high-dose melphalan-induced oral mucositis during autologous or allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation.
- Virological, Clinical, and Ophthalmologic Features of Cytomegalovirus Retinitis after Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation.
Crippa, Fulvio; Corey, Lawrence; Sale, George; Boeckh, Michael; Chuang, Elaine L. // Clinical Infectious Diseases; 1/15/2001, Vol. 32 Issue 2, p214Presents information on a study which examined the prevalence of cytomegalovirus retinitis in hematopoietic stem cell transplantation patients in Seattle, Washington. Methodology; Results of the study; Discussion.
- Cognitive problems are long lasting in HCT patients.
Crippa, Fulvio; Corey, Lawrence; Sale, George; Boeckh, Michael; Chuang, Elaine L. // Oncology Nurse Advisor; May/Jun2011, Vol. 2 Issue 3, p8No abstract available.
- Allo-SCT in a patient with CRMCC with aplastic anemia using a reduced intensity conditioning regimen.
Asai, D; Osone, S; Imamura, T; Sakaguchi, H; Nishio, N; Kuroda, H; Kojima, S; Hosoi, H // Bone Marrow Transplantation; Aug2012, Vol. 47 Issue 8, p1126A letter to the editor is presented regarding the treatment of a Japanese boy, who is suffering from cerebroretinal microangiopathy with calcifications and cysts (CRMCC) with hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) using a fludarabine-based reduced-intensity conditioning (RIC) regimen.
- Autologous hematopoietic stem cell transplantation for multiple sclerosis � if confused or hesitant, remember: �Treat with standard immune suppressive drugs and if no inflammation, no response�.
Burt, Richard K; Balabanov, Roumen; Voltarelli, Julio; Barreira, Amilton; Burman, Joachim // Multiple Sclerosis Journal; Jun2012, Vol. 18 Issue 6, p772An introduction is presented in which the editors discuss various reports within the issue on topics including BEAM- anti-thymocyte globulin (ATG), hematopoietic stem cell transplantation, and immune suppressive drugs.
- Autologous hematopoietic cell transplantation for high-risk ALL.
Linker, C.; Damon, L.; Martin, T.; Blume, K.; Forman, S.; Snyder, D.; Wolf, J.; Negrin, R. // Bone Marrow Transplantation; Mar2011, Vol. 46 Issue 3, p460A letter to the editor is presented which discusses the role of autologous hematopoietic cell transplantation (AHCT) in treating patients with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL).
- The Possibilities of Harvesting and the Modalities of Processing Hematopoetic Stem Cells.
Macarie, Ioan // Acta Medica Marisiensis; Aug2011, Vol. 57 Issue 4, p270An introduction is presented in which the editor discusses various reports within the issue on topics including hematopoetic stem cell harvesting, the mobilization of stem cells in adults, and hematopoetic stem cell transplantation.
- Foscarnet vs ganciclovir for cytomegalovirus (CMV) antigenemia after allogeneic hemopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT): a randomised study.
Moretti, S; Zikos, P; Van Lint, M T; Tedone, E; Occhini, D; Gualandi, F; Lamparelli, T; Mordini, N; Berisso, G; Bregante, S; Bruno, B; Bacigalupo, A // Bone Marrow Transplantation; 7/15/98, Vol. 22 Issue 2, p175This trial was designed to compare foscarnet with ganciclovir as pre-emptive therapy for CMV infection in patients undergoing allogeneic hemopoietic stem cell transplant (HSCT). Thirty-nine patients were randomized to receive foscarnet 90 mg/kg every 12 h (n = 20) or ganciclovir 5 mg/kg every 12...
- Successful treatment of thrombocytopenia and hemolytic anemia with IvIG in a patient with lupus-like syndrome after mismatched related PBSCT.
Hartert, A; Willenbacher, W; G�nzelmann, S; Roemer, E; Basara, N; Fauser, A A; Kiehl, M G // Bone Marrow Transplantation; 2/1/2001, Vol. 27 Issue 3, p337Hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) is a treatment option for autoimmune diseases but can also cause clinical features similar to those of autoimmune diseases. In some of these cases the autoimmune-like condition is associated with autoimmune cytopenia, a complication that can be...
- 24. Infections (bacterial / fungal).
Hartert, A; Willenbacher, W; G�nzelmann, S; Roemer, E; Basara, N; Fauser, A A; Kiehl, M G // Bone Marrow Transplantation; 3/2/2002 Supplement, Vol. 29 Issue 5, pS240Bone Marrow Transplantation (2001) 29, Suppl. 2, S240�S249. DOI: 10.1038/sj/bmt/1703493
- 13. Minitransplants.
Hartert, A; Willenbacher, W; G�nzelmann, S; Roemer, E; Basara, N; Fauser, A A; Kiehl, M G // Bone Marrow Transplantation; 3/2/2002 Supplement, Vol. 29 Issue 5, pS145Bone Marrow Transplantation (2001) 29, Suppl. 2, S145�S154. DOI: 10.1038/sj/bmt/1703478
- Evidence for clinical activity of artesunate in multidrug-resistant herpes simplex infection following HSCT.
Sellar, R S; Ward, K N; Thomson, K J; Peggs, K S // Bone Marrow Transplantation; Nov2012, Vol. 47 Issue 11, p1482A letter to the editor is presented which discusses the clinical activity of artesunate in multidrug-resistant herpes simple infection after haematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT).
- Post-autologous hematopoietic SCT engraftment syndrome:a single center experience.
da Silva, R Lopes; Costa, F; Ferreira, G; de Sousa, A B // Bone Marrow Transplantation; Mar2012, Vol. 47 Issue 3, p456A letter to the editor is presented in response to an article about the diagnosis of engraftment syndrome (ES) in the April 18, 2011 issue.
- Fertility preservation in young patients before allogeneic haematopoietic SCT.
Bastings, L; Westphal, J R; Beerendonk, C C M; Braat, D D M; Peek, R // Bone Marrow Transplantation; Feb2012, Vol. 47 Issue 2, p313A letter to the editor is presented in response to the article "Fertility Preservation in Young Patients Before Allogeneic Haematopoietic SCT" by Borgmann-Staudt and colleagues which appeared in the November 28, 2011 issue.
- Whites more likely than blacks to receive HSCT.
Cona, Christen; Harris, Jason; Lawrence, Leah; Levitan, David; Southall, Jennifer // Hem/Onc Today; 6/25/2010, Vol. 11 Issue 12, p48The article discusses research study on the prevalence of hematopoietic stem cell transplantation among whites for leukemia, lymphoma or multiple myeloma, by T. V. Joshua and colleagues, published in the 2010 issue of "Cancer."
- Haematopoietic stem cell transplantation in 12 patients with cerebral X-linked adrenoleukodystrophy.
Baumann, Matthias; Korenke, Christoph G.; Weddige-Diedrichs, Almuth; Wilichowski, Ekkehard; Hunneman, Donald H.; Wilken, Bernd; Brockmann, Knut; Klingebiel, Thomas; Niethammer, Dietrich; Kühl, Jörn; Ebell, Wolfram; Hanefeld, Folker // European Journal of Pediatrics; 2003, Vol. 162 Issue 1, p6In an attempt to elucidate prognostic factors, the data on 12 boys who underwent haematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) for cerebral X-linked adrenoleukodystrophy were evaluated. Two further patients received HSCT but died from transplantationrelated complications. The data included...
- A prognostic score with pretransplant serum ferritin and disease status predicts outcome following reduced-intensity SCT.
Tanaka, M; Tachibana, T; Numata, A; Takasaki, H; Matsumoto, K; Maruta, A; Ishigatsubo, Y; Kanamori, H // Bone Marrow Transplantation; Apr2012, Vol. 47 Issue 4, p596A letter to the editor is presented which discusses the outcome predictors of Allogeneic hemapoietic stem cell transplantation (allo-HSCT) which is the disease status and pretransplant serum ferritin.
- Pathological evidence of Wolman's disease following hematopoietic stem cell transplantation despite correction of lysosomal acid lipase activity.
Gramatges, M. M.; Dvorak, C. C.; Regula, D. P.; Enns, G. M.; Weinberg, K.; Agarwal, R. // Bone Marrow Transplantation; Oct2009, Vol. 44 Issue 7, p449A letter to the editor is presented which explores four cases of Wolman's disease that were unsuccessfully treated with hematopoietic stem cell transplantation.
- Self-limited hemolysis due to anti-D passenger lymphocyte syndrome in allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation.
Adams, B. R.; Miller, A. N.; Costa, L. J. // Bone Marrow Transplantation; Apr2010, Vol. 45 Issue 4, p772A letter to the editor is presented in response to the article "Self-limited hemolysis due to anti-D passenger lymphocyte syndrome in allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation" in the August 17, 2009 issue.
- Adenovirus Infections in Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplant Recipients.
Howard, Dianna S.; Phillips II, Gordon L.; Reece, Donna E.; Munn, Riat K.; Henslee-Downey, Jean; Pittard, Melissa; Barker, Matthew; Pomeroy, Claire // Clinical Infectious Diseases; 12/1/1999, Vol. 29 Issue 6, p1494Discusses an incidence of adenovirus infections among recipients of hematopoietic stem cell transplant (HSCT) from January to March 1997. Comparison between recipients of allogeneic and autologous stem cells; Correlation between the isolation of adenovirus from more than 1 site and risk for...
- Risk factors identified for adenovirus infection in HSCT patients.
Howard, Dianna S.; Phillips II, Gordon L.; Reece, Donna E.; Munn, Riat K.; Henslee-Downey, Jean; Pittard, Melissa; Barker, Matthew; Pomeroy, Claire // Infectious Diseases in Children; Oct2012, Vol. 25 Issue 10, p11The article presents information on research which examined the risk factors for adenovirus infection in children with hematopoietic stem cells transplant (HSCT).
- Brain conditioning is instrumental for successful microglia reconstitution following hematopoietic stem cell transplantation.
Capotondo, A.; Milazzo, R.; Politi, L. S. // Current Medical Literature: Lysosomal Storage Disease; 2013, Vol. 11 Issue 2, p50A review of the article "Brain conditioning is instrumental for successful microglia reconstitution following hematopoietic stem cell transplantation" by A. Capotondo and colleagues, which appeared in the 2012 issue of the journal "Proceedings of the National Academy Sciences" is presented.
- Ultrasound improves stem cell transplants.
Capotondo, A.; Milazzo, R.; Politi, L. S. // Biomedical Market Newsletter; 9/12/2011, Vol. 21, p155The article discusses the use of ultrasound in improving the quality of transplanted haematopoietic stem cells.
- VRE infections increased mortality risk among HSCT recipients.
Capotondo, A.; Milazzo, R.; Politi, L. S. // Infectious Disease News; Nov2012, Vol. 25 Issue 11, p52The article reports on a study on the prevalence of enterococcal bloodstream infections among recipients of allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplants.
- Hematopoietic cell transplantation results in many late complications.
Levitan, Dave // Hem/Onc Today; 4/25/2009, Vol. 10 Issue 8, p1This article reports on the emergence of late complications in some patients treatment with hematopoietic cell transplantation.
- Should involved-field radiation therapy be used as an adjunct to lymphoma autotransplantation?
Wadhwa, P.; Schenkein, D.C.; Lazarus, H.M. // Bone Marrow Transplantation; 2/1/2002, Vol. 29 Issue 3, p183Discusses a review which addressed the rationale for using involved-field radiation therapy in the autologous hematopoietic stem cell transplant setting. Review of literature on the treatment modality; Potential toxicity and concerns regarding the procedure; Conclusions.
- Hematology.
Wadhwa, P.; Schenkein, D.C.; Lazarus, H.M. // Clinical & Investigative Medicine; Aug97 Supplement, Vol. 20, pS31Presents an abstract of the research manuscript `Hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) for progressive intermediate grade non-Hodgkin's lymphoma,' by A.L. Watson, M.J. Barnett et al from the University of British Columbia.
- Toxoplamosis after Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation.
Martino, R.; Maertens, J.; Bretagne, S.; Rovira, M.; Deconinck, E.; Ullman, A.J.; Held, T.; Cordonnier, C. // Clinical Infectious Diseases; 11/1/2000, Vol. 31 Issue 5, p1188Presents a study on the occurrence of toxoplasmosis in patients who had undergone allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. Information on toxoplasma gondii; Description of the toxoplasma disease; Diagnosis, outcome and treatment for patients with Toxoplasma disease.
- Pediatric hematopoietic SCT in Mexico: recent activity and main problems.
Rodríguez-Romo, L.; González-Llano, O.; Mancias-Guerra, C.; Jaime-Pérez, J. C.; Gómez-Peña, A.; Ruíz-Arguelles, G.; Ruíz-Delgado, G.; Olaya, A.; del Campo, A.; Montero, I.; González-Ramella, O.; Sandoval, A.; González, G.; Pompa, T.; Galindo, C.; Gómez-Almaguer, D // Bone Marrow Transplantation; Apr2011, Vol. 46 Issue 4, p607A letter to the editor is presented which focuses on the history, activity, and issues concerning hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) in children in Mexico.
- Pancytopenia and myeloid maturation arrest in an autologous stem cell transplant recipient.
Kuan, F.-C.; Lin, P. Y.; Hwang, C.-E.; Lu, C.-H.; Chen, C.-C. // Bone Marrow Transplantation; Apr2011, Vol. 46 Issue 4, p610A letter to the editor is presented which discusses the progressive development of pancytopenia and myeloid maturation arrest in the bone marrow (BM) of a 63-year-old male after he underwent successful autologous hematopoietic stem cell transplant (HSCT).
- Vaccination of SCT recipients.
Ljungman, P.; Small, T. N. // Bone Marrow Transplantation; Apr2011, Vol. 46 Issue 4, p621A letter to the editor is presented regarding the use of the 13-valent vaccine as an alternative for the heptavalent vaccine in hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) recipients.
- Adenovirus detected in few allogeneic HSCT patients.
Ljungman, P.; Small, T. N. // Infectious Disease News; Dec2012, Vol. 25 Issue 12, p18The article discusses a study on mortality related to adenoviremia among patients receiving alemtuzumab-based allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplants.
- Reviewing the Follow-up Care of Pediatric Patients’ Status Post–Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation for the Primary Care Pediatrician.
Jesudas, Rohith; Malesky, Aimee; Chu, Roland; Fischer, Howard; Kamat, Deepak // Clinical Pediatrics; Jun2013, Vol. 52 Issue 6, p487Background. Hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) is a treatment modality for many oncologic as well as non-oncologic disorders. Although the side effects of different chemotherapy regimens have been well studied by several oncology consortiums, limited data is available regarding the...
- �Allogeneic marrow transplantation in children with acute leukemia: a practice whose time has gone�: twenty years later.
Pinkel, D. // Leukemia (08876924); Dec2009, Vol. 23 Issue 12, p2189In this article, the author discusses the practice of allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation (allo-HCT) in children with acute leukemia and the decrease in its popularity due to published reports. He says that many published comparisons fail to provide information about overall survival...
- Immediate cross-hypersensitivity between Micafungin and Caspofungin: A case report.
Patel, Shruti; Alangaden, George J.; Lum, Larry G.; Cronin, Simon M.; Abidi, Muneer H.; Dieterle, Natalie; Ibrahim, Rami B. // Journal of Oncology Pharmacy Practice; Sep2009, Vol. 15 Issue 3, p187A hematopoietic stem cell transplant patient with a history of immediate drug hypersensitivity reaction to micafungin was considered for a caspofungin trial. A caspofungin intradermal skin test was performed. The result was positive, suggesting the presence of cross-reactivity and that the...
- Phase I Evaluation of the Respiratory Syncytial Virus-Specific Monoclonal Antibody Palivizumab in Recipients of Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplants.
Boeckh, Michael; Berrey, M. Michelle; Bowden, Raleigh A.; Crawford, Stephen W.; Balsley, James; Corey, Lawrence // Journal of Infectious Diseases; 8/1/2001, Vol. 184 Issue 3, p350Presents a study which investigated intravenous palivizumab in 2 phase 1 studies of respiratory syncytial virus among recipients of hematopoietic stem cell transplants. Background information on the drug; Data and methods used; Results and discussion.

