TITLE

Piracy/Privateering/Letters of Marque/Prizes

AUTHOR(S)
Pierson, Peter O'M.
PUB. DATE
January 1996
SOURCE
Reader's Companion to Military History;1996, p363
SOURCE TYPE
Book
DOC. TYPE
Book Chapter
ABSTRACT
The article explores the history of piracy, privateering, letters of marque and prizes. Piracy--robbery at sea--dates from the beginnings of maritime commerce and is a global phenomenon. In the recovery of seaborne commerce during the Middle Ages, European merchants overcame Muslim pirates but sparked new maritime conflicts. Nascent international law recognized licensed commerce raiders, who came to be known in English as privateers, and outlawed unlicensed commerce raiders as pirates. In the American Civil War, the Confederacy licensed privateers, but they found more profit in blockade running and left the hounding of Union shipping to the tiny Confederate navy, whose Alabama captured over eighty merchantmen before being sunk off Cherbourg in 1864 by the USS Kearsarge. The Hague Convention of 1907 refined the prohibition of privateering and set rules for taking prizes by warships.
ACCESSION #
12443719

Tags: PIRATES;  PRIVATEERING;  LETTERS of marque;  PRIZES (Property captured at sea);  INTERNATIONAL law;  MARITIME law

 

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