TITLE

PATHOGENIC MECHANISMS IN PERIODONTAL DISEASE

AUTHOR(S)

SMALLEY, J. W.

PUB. DATE

July 1994

SOURCE

Advances in Dental Research;Jul1994, Vol. 8 Issue 2, p320

SOURCE TYPE

Academic Journal

DOC. TYPE

Article

ABSTRACT

Periodontal diseases have been considered as "infections" in which micro-organisms initiate and maintain the destructive inflammatory response. Host-mediated tissue destruction occurs via complement activation and the release of lysosomal enzymes, and connective tissue matrix metalloproteinases. Microbial enzymes may damage connective tissues directly, and, together with toxic metabolites and structural materials, are thought to disrupt the reparative activities of fibroblasts and cells of the immune defenses. The significance and relative contributions of host and microbial factors to the disease process remain unresolved. Environmental changes in the gingival sulcus and periodontal pocket and tissues, the degree of the host response and nutrient availability, concomitant with disease progression, compromise tissue metabolism and repair, and allow for enhanced or de novo expression of microbial virulence factors, such as proteases, which alter microbial pathogenicity. Proteolytic destruction of specific antibodies and complement by both viable and non-viable bacterial cells may retard phagocytic killing and removal of pathogens, thus prolonging the inflammatory response. Bacterial products may indirectly mediate tissue destruction by stimulating release of matrix metalloproteinases or by proteolytically inactivating the specific inhibitors of these enzymes.

ACCESSION #

36571457

Tags: PERIODONTAL disease;  MOUTH -- Microbiology;  INFLAMMATION;  CONNECTIVE tissues;  ENZYMES;  METALLOPROTEINASES;  PERIODONTAL pockets

 

Related Articles

• Oral Microorganisms in the Gingiva of Individuals with Periodontal Disease. TAKEUCHI, HIROSHI; SUMITANI, MICHIO; TSUBAKIMOTO, KUMIO; TSUTSUI, MASAHIRO // Journal of Dental Research;Jan1974, Vol. 53 Issue 1, p132 

  By use of immunofluorescent techniques we found oral microorganisms on the surface of the sulcular epithelium and in the epithelial and connective tissues of the gingiva of individuals with periodontal disease. Anaerobic oral microorganisms frequently were found in these areas.

• EDITOR'S VIEWPOINT. H. B. G. R. // Journal of Dental Research;Aug1954, Vol. 33 Issue 4, p441 

  The article discusses various reports published within the issue, including one by Forscher, Paulsen, and Hess on the topic of periodontal pockets, one by Schultz-Haudt, Bruce, and Bibby on the topic of the oral microbiology of patients with gingivitis, and one by Muhlemann, Zander, and Halberg...

• Tetracyclines Inhibit Connective Tissue Breakdown: New Therapeutic Implications for an Old Family of Drugs. Golub,, Lorne M.; Ramamurthy, N. S.; McNamara, Thomas F.; Greenwald, Robert A.; Rifkin, Barry R. // Critical Reviews in Oral Biology & Medicine;1991, Vol. 2 Issue 3, p297 

  Tetracyclines have long been considered useful adjuncts in peridontal therapy based on their antimicrobial efficacy against putative periodontopathogens. However, recently these drugs were found to inhibit mammalian collagenases and several other matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) by a mechanism...

• Histologic Evaluation of an Nd:YAG Laser-Assisted New Attachment Procedure in Humans. Yukna, Raymond A.; Carr, Ronald L.; Evans, Gerald H. // International Journal of Periodontics & Restorative Dentistry;2007, Vol. 27 Issue 6, p576 

  This report presents histologic results in humans following a laser-assisted new attachment procedure (LANAP) for the treatment of periodontal pockets. Six pairs of single-rooted teeth with moderate to advanced chronic periodontitis associated with subgingival calculus deposits were treated. A...

• ROLE OF TREPONEMA DENTICOLA IN PERIODONTAL DISEASES. Sela, Michael N. // Critical Reviews in Oral Biology & Medicine;2001, Vol. 12 Issue 5, p399 

  Among periodontal anaerobic pathogens, the oral spirochetes, and especially Treponema denticola, have been associated with periodontal diseases such as early-onset periodontitis, necrotizing ulcerative gingivitis, and acute pericoronitis. Basic research as well as clinical evidence suggest that...

• Clinical Observations on Bone Regeneration in Intrabony Pockets Following Periodontal Treatment. Morris, Melvin L.; Singh, Inder J. // International Journal of Periodontics & Restorative Dentistry;1988, Vol. 8 Issue 3, p56 

  The article provides information on the formalin treatment of root surfaces in intrabony pockets as a supplement to conventional periodontal therapy. Studies state that depending upon the probing force, shape of probe, and degree of inflammation, the end of the probe may be within the junctional...

• The Relationship between Serum IgG Levels to Subgingival Gram-negative Bacteria and Degree of Periodontal Destruction. NAITO, Y.; OKUDA, K.; TAKAZOE, I.; WATANABE, H.; ISHIKAWA, I. // Journal of Dental Research;Nov1985, Vol. 64 Issue 11, p1306 

  The relationship between the serum IgG antibody titer against seven species of Gram-negative periodontopathic bacteria and clinical parameters (including plaque index, gingival index, periodontal pocket depth, and alveolar bone loss) was studied in 38 subjects. IgG antibody titer against the...

• Statin use is associated with fewer periodontal lesions: A retrospective study. Lindy, Otso; Suomalainen, Kimmo; M�kel�, Marja; Lindy, Seppo // BMC Oral Health;2008, Vol. 8, Special section p1 

  Background: Inflammatory processes are considered to participate in the development of cardiovascular disease (CVD). Statins have been used successfully in the prevention and treatment of coronary heart disease. Chronic periodontitis has been suggested to contribute to CVD. The aim of this study...

• CONNECTIVE TISSUE DEGRADATION IN HEALTH AND PERIODONTAL DISEASE AND THE ROLES OF MATRIX METALLOPROTEINASES AND THEIR NATURAL INHIBITORS. REYNOLDS, J. J.; HEMBRY, R. M.; MEIKLE, M. C. // Advances in Dental Research;Jul1994, Vol. 8 Issue 2, p312 

  Connective tissue remodeling is essential for normal growth and development, and many diseases have long been associated with the breakdown of the collagenous matrix of bone, cartilage, and related tissues. Recent work has established that members of the family of matrix metalloproteinases...

Read the Article